Why generators are connected in parallel and not in series?

Generators are typically connected in parallel rather than in series for several practical and technical reasons:

1. Load Sharing: In a parallel configuration, multiple generators can share the load. This means that if one generator fails or is taken offline for maintenance, the others can continue to supply power, ensuring a more reliable power supply. In a series configuration, the failure of one generator could disrupt the entire system.

2. Scalability: Parallel operation allows for easy addition or removal of generators based on the changing load requirements. This makes it more adaptable to varying power needs.

3. Efficiency: Generators are generally more efficient when operating at or near their rated capacity. Connecting generators in parallel allows them to operate at a higher overall efficiency by collectively supplying the required power while individually operating closer to their optimal capacity.

4. Voltage Stability: Parallel operation helps in maintaining a stable voltage. If one generator starts to deviate in voltage, the others can compensate, helping to maintain a stable electrical supply.

5. Redundancy: Parallel operation provides redundancy. If one generator fails or needs maintenance, others can take up the load, minimizing downtime and ensuring a continuous power supply.

6. Ease of Control: Modern control systems can more easily manage and synchronize generators when they are connected in parallel. This makes it simpler to control the overall power system.

In contrast, connecting generators in series would mean that the output of one generator flows through the next in a chain. This configuration poses several challenges, including:

• Cumulative Losses: Each generator adds its losses to the system, leading to reduced overall efficiency.

• Complicated Control: Controlling the output and synchronization of generators in series is more complex and can be challenging.

• Reliability Issues: A failure in one generator could disrupt the entire series, leading to a complete loss of power.

For these reasons, parallel operation is the more common and practical choice in most power generation systems.